Households with no sanitation facility
Households with no sanitation facility persist in eastern and NE India despite national campaigns.
Policy implication
The last-mile sanitation challenge requires addressing water scarcity, land constraints, and cultural practices simultaneously.
The last-mile sanitation challenge requires addressing water scarcity, land constraints, and cultural practices simultaneously.
Data vintage. This map uses NFHS-5 (2019-21). NFHS-6 (2023-24) state fact sheets were released in May 2026, but they are provisional and report fewer indicators, so the figures here have not been replaced.
Data note. NFHS-6 (2023-24) state fact sheets carry 101 indicators against 131 in NFHS-5 and do not repeat this measure, so NFHS-5 (2019-21) remains the latest state-level figure.
Source: NFHS-5 (2019-21). See the methodology for notes and limitations.
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